Brain MR patterns in inherited disorders of monoamine neurotransmitters: An analysis of 70 patients Inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMNDs) are rare disorders with clinical manifestations ranging from mild infantile hypotonia, movement disorders to early infantile severe encephalopathy. Neuroimaging has been reported as non-specific. We systematically analyzed [...]
Assessment of intellectual impairment, health-related quality of life, and behavioral phenotype in patients with neurotransmitter related disorders: Data from the iNTD registry Inherited disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism are a group of rare diseases, which are caused by impaired synthesis, transport, or degradation of neurotransmitters or cofactors [...]
Inherited disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism are rare neurodevelopmental diseases presenting with movement disorders and global developmental delay. This study presents the results of the first standardized deep phenotyping approach and describes the clinical and biochemical presentation at disease onset as well as diagnostic approaches of 275 patients from the registry of the International Working Group [...]
AADC deficiency from infancy to adulthood: Symptoms and developmental outcome in an international cohort of 63 patients Aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin, leading to a complex syndrome of motor, behavioral, [...]
Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies comprise a group of six rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by insufficient synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin due to a disturbance of BH4 biosynthesis or recycling. Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the [...]
High Throughput Newborn Screening for Aromatic ʟ-amino-acid Decarboxylase Deficiency by Analysis of Concentrations of 3-O-methyldopa From Dried Blood Spots Aromatic l ‐amino‐acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inherited disorder of biogenic amine metabolism with a broad neurological phenotype. The clinical symptoms overlap with other diseases resulting [...]
Pregnancy management and outcome in patients with four different tetrahydrobiopterin disorders Introduction Inborn errors of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis or recycling are a group of very rare neurometabolic diseases. Following growing awareness and improved availability of drug treatment the number of patients with BH4 disorders reaching adulthood [...]
Inherited Disorders of Neurotransmitters: Classification and Practical Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment Neurotransmitter deficiencies are rare neurological disorders with clinical onset during childhood. The disorders are caused by genetic defects in the enzymes involved in synthesis, degradation, or transport of neurotransmitters or by defects in the [...]
Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder that leads to a severe combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. Onset is early in life, and [...]
The International Working Group on Neurotransmitter related Disorders (iNTD): A worldwide research project focused on primary and secondary neurotransmitter disorders. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that enable communication between the neurons in the synaptic cleft. Inborn errors of neurotransmitter biosynthesis, breakdown and transport are a group of [...]
