Brain MR patterns in inherited disorders of monoamine neurotransmitters: An analysis of 70 patients Inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMNDs) are rare disorders with clinical manifestations ranging from mild infantile hypotonia, movement disorders to early infantile severe encephalopathy. Neuroimaging has been reported as non-specific. We systematically analyzed [...]

Inherited disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism are rare neurodevelopmental diseases presenting with movement disorders and global developmental delay. This study presents the results of the first standardized deep phenotyping approach and describes the clinical and biochemical presentation at disease onset as well as diagnostic approaches of 275 patients from the registry of the International Working Group [...]

AADC deficiency from infancy to adulthood: Symptoms and developmental outcome in an international cohort of 63 patients Aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin, leading to a complex syndrome of motor, behavioral, [...]

Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies comprise a group of six rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by insufficient synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin due to a disturbance of BH4 biosynthesis or recycling. Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the [...]

High Throughput Newborn Screening for Aromatic ʟ-amino-acid Decarboxylase Deficiency by Analysis of Concentrations of 3-O-methyldopa From Dried Blood Spots Aromatic l ‐amino‐acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inherited disorder of biogenic amine metabolism with a broad neurological phenotype. The clinical symptoms overlap with other diseases resulting [...]